IDA: International Design and Art Journal

From tools of criticality to mechanisms of control: Instructions in art from the 1960s to the 1990s

Yinzi Yi — 2024-06-01

This research examines instructional texts in art practices from the 1960s to the 1990s. Instructional texts refer to written words by artists for thought experiments and participatory actions. Scholars have previously examined the interplay between instructions and the specific art forms they generate, revealing the complex relationship between control and freedom, order and disorder, as well as organization and risk. However, these relationships are contextually nuanced. By incorporating the social function of instruction as a critical tool and control mechanism, this research adds complexity to the current scholarship on instruction between participatory agency and authorial control. This research focuses on two historical periods: the 1960s and the 1990s. Whereas the 1960s signaled the transition to a post-industrial society that sought creative labor and adopted a more flattened organizational model, the 1990s witnessed the standardization and globalization of demands for entrepreneurial and artistic labor. To explain the resurgence of instructional texts in the 1990s, this research contextualizes these texts within a broader social framework. It argues that commercial co-optation has transformed these instructions’ critical power against the bureaucratic top-down management model in the industrial era into an apparatus of control over creative laborers cultivated in the post-industrial age.

Posthuman domestic space as a becoming-machine in performance art

Mustafa Kemal Yurttaş — 2024-06-01

Domestic space can be considered a cross-disciplinary subject, not only of art and architecture but also of philosophy, sociology, geography, and anthropology, thanks to the multidirectional correlations. This paper examines domestic space as a cross-disciplinary subject, too, with a qualitative phenomenological research method because this research approaches space as the collection of experiences, like in phenomenology, concerning the perception and the body. Through an interdisciplinary literature review, the notions of domesticity and dwelling are investigated focusing on the notion of experience. Following these notions, the concepts of becoming and machine are explored by Deleuze and Guattari to reach the arguments on co-living that connect to critical posthuman thought. Braidotti’s concept of becoming-machine is interpreted together with Haraway’s and Grosz’s contemporary arguments on becoming and co-living. In this scope, the research has reached the concepts on metastability and performativity in relation to posthuman experiences of co-living. These concepts are associated with the examples from the contemporary performance artworks. The performances of Schweder & Shelley, Gómez-Egaña and McRae are analyzed focusing on the experience that includes the posthuman possibilities for domesticity as a result of this research, aiming to rethink the relations between human and non-human in domestic space.

Evaluation of functional change in the scope of reuse of historical buildings: The example of Historical Bitlis Town Hall

Gamze Yalçin — 2024-06-01

Historical buildings, which have become dysfunctional over time as they are inadequate to meet the changing needs of the age, are kept alive by re-functioning within the scope of conservation methods. The research aims to contribute to re-evaluating the Historical Bitlis Town Hall which has an important value with its historical identity and local architectural features, and its transfer to the future. The building was used for different purposes in short periods, including Water and Bus Management, Art Center, Police and Traffic Directorate. In its last state, it was determined that it was named Historical Bitlis Büryan Hall and was re-functioned far from its original identity. In this regard, the functional changes were examined chronologically by scanning the archives within the framework of national and international conservation criteria and using the participant observation method of the structure. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find in line with qualitative research methods. In conclusion, during the functionalization process, the importance of adopting a respectful and harmonious approach in function selection has been revealed in order to keep the historical architectural texture and the meaning it creates in urban memory alive without losing it.

A contemporary interpretation of abstraction and creativity through Islamic patterns in design education: Interior architecture studio experience

Ali Akçaova — 2024-06-01

The goal of this study is to develop a studio experience that will allow second-year interior architecture students to incorporate the continuity of traditional Islamic patterns into contemporary designs. Islamic geometric patterns from the Seljuk eras were investigated as part of the study’s focus, and these patterns were used as a foundation for the development of a novel design model. It is important for the systematization of the design process that the working methodology is structured in three phases, namely the analytical phase, the creative phase and the application phase. The process of gathering data is part of the analytical phase, but the creative phase is where the data is abstracted and interpreted. As a result, the study has been presented as a unique one in terms of bringing awareness of conventional and regional patterns in interior architecture education as well as sustainability with motivated, abstract, avant-garde, and contemporary approach.

Semiotic analysis of mosque typology: Case of the Grand National Assembly (TBMM) Mosque

Gülşah Şenocak — 2024-06-01

Mosques are religious structures that hold significant importance in the daily lives of Muslim societies, shaping the social way of life by influencing it. There have been modifications to the structures in terms of technology, social life, and culture since the acceptance of Islam. The typology of mosques we are accustomed to today is based on conventional forms that have been kneaded through various cultural and religious stages, formed by our traditions and social lives. Although limited in number, there are also modern adaptations. The study’s objective is to use semiotic analysis to read the modern mosque typologies in the context of structure, interior space, and equipment and to discover the semantic relationships in the mosque. The TBMM Mosque was selected as a case of the research in terms of its interior elements. The architectural shell and the worship space have been analyzed as a whole in terms of both Islamic philosophy and the reflection of this philosophy on mosques. Document analysis and participant observation were used as data collection in the case study on the TBMM Mosque, and semiotic analysis was used to assess the data. In this context, traditional mosque structures were examined, and the role of semiotics in architecture was explored. In light of the information given and the observations made, the case was analyzed using the semiotics method. The intended outcome is to draw attention to the functional and semantic contributions of the modern adaptation examined and to demonstrate that the architecture can be read. This study tries to understand whether the semantic and religious infrastructure that takes place in the traditional mosque typology is included in modern mosque adaptations.

An examination of ironworking examples in traditional Safranbolu house doors through the approach of shape grammar

Ege Kaya Köse — 2024-06-01

Safranbolu is renowned for its traditional architecture and the local tradition of ironworking in Turkey. The importance attached to sustaining ironworking as well as traditional architectural heritage has led to the launch of a research initiative to study examples of ironworking and to encourage diversification of production. This study uses a mathematical analysis to investigate the latch mirrors on traditional Safranbolu house doors. The research methodology consists of several basic steps. These are the literature data that form the background of the research, their interpretation, and the steps used to implement the proposal. After collecting literature and visual data, the research continued with the two-dimensional digital drawings to reveal the form and components of the door latch mirrors. Then, the analysis of the shape of the keyframe in the plate, the most common ornamental area in latch mirrors, was carried out. Finally, new patterns were produced through the algorithmic process using Rhinoceros-Grasshopper plug-in. This study provides valuable information about the ornamentation techniques used in the traditional house doors of Safranbolu and significantly contributes to the maintenance of local craftsmanship. Importantly, it empowers craftsmen by offering practical benefits by providing sample models and suggestions for improving decorative ornamentation.

Examples of improvements to ensure thermal comfort in temporary shelters used after disasters

Seval Yolaçtı — 2024-06-01

In addition to living in a small square meter, coping with climatic parameters such as summer heat and winter cold and providing indoor thermal comfort conditions are the most basic requirements for people staying in temporary shelters after the disaster. However, these conditions cannot be fully met in the current temporary shelter units used. This study examined studies to improve thermal comfort conditions in temporary accommodation units in Turkey and around the world. The literature on this subject was scanned, and the data obtained through a mixed quantitative and qualitative data collection method was presented systematically. In this way, it is aimed to create an integrated design process in the design of temporary shelter units by gaining sufficient knowledge about the shelters used in the post disaster period and to draw attention to the consideration of climatic factors and thermal comfort conditions as well as spatial and technical needs. In the study carried out with these objectives, the studies carried out to eliminate climatic problems and ensure thermal comfort conditions in temporary accommodation units were classified under four headings. It has been concluded that the most economical and sustainable approach would be to update the currently used temporary shelter units, taking into account the climate zones in terms of design and building envelope.

Television and architecture: The impact of TV programs on profession choosing

Semiha İsmailoğlu — 2024-06-01

Television, as a form of mass media, has an indispensable place and an active role in the daily lives of individuals. Among culture-art programs, those focusing on topics such as discussions, design, practical applications and real estate within the discipline of architecture provide educational opportunities for people to learn more about the field. In this context, a study was conducted with students of the architecture department and interior architecture department, who interacted more than normal with mass media, especially television and the internet, during the pandemic process. The study aims to determine whether the architectural programs on television are effective in influencing the career choices of students. In the study, semi-structured survey technique of quantitative research methods was used. First-year students from architecture and interior architecture undergraduate programs participated in the survey. Less than half of the 367 students who participated in the survey responded positively to whether television programs helped them with their career decisions. The majority of students who stated that they had an impact said that they had a moderate or above-average impact. This result can be seen at a low level. However, among the many socio-cultural, environmental, and economic factors affecting career choice, the fact that television programs are also a factor at this level makes it an important parameter.

Senses and movement-experience of streets

Özlem Demirkan — 2024-06-01

Movement-experience is a concept that encompasses the relationship, communication, and interaction between the sense, space, and time. This research aims to examine streets as a medium for experiential movement by analyzing sensory, activity, and physical space variables, conducted with a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. These variables include visual, auditory, and olfactory sensations, user activities like standing, sitting, and walking, and physical features such as pavement width, number of trees, number of barriers, and building height. To collect data, 48 walks were conducted on Mevlana Street at different times and days, resulting 768 time-space sections. The variables were recorded and analyzed using advanced data analysis techniques, and descriptive statistics were generated. The study then explored the relationships between time-activity, time-experience, space-activity, space-experience, and activity-experience using multi-factor variance analysis. Based on the findings, this study proposes innovative design and planning criteria for streets that incorporate a multisensory approach to enhance the experiential quality of urban environments.

Cinematic space in dystopian narratives: Social construction of home in the film High-Rise

Erdinç Yılmaz — 2024-06-01

In cinema, space is an important element that provides a foundation for the narrative, establishes the impression of reality, and contributes to the aesthetics of the film. As a cinematic space, “home” also generates meanings in accordance with the universe constructed in the film. In dystopian cinema, the home image offers designs that not only serve as aesthetic elements but also open up new lines of thought at both individual and societal levels. This study aims to trace the image of the home in dystopian cinema, question the individual and societal meanings of the home as a space, and determine how it is positioned within the relevant film genre. To achieve this goal, the film High-Rise is selected as an example, and the spaces of home are examined in relation to Lefebvre’s concept of The Spatial Triad and Freud’s concept of The Uncanny following a two-phased method consisting of formal analysis and conceptual analysis. As a result of the research, it is revealed that due to the dystopian theme present in the relevant film, the home image is abstracted from its personal meanings and represented as a social structure functioning as a practice field for power struggle.

The effect of digital technology on graphic design ideation output

Sylvanus Ametordzi — 2024-06-01

Digital technology has changed the face of design creativity. The traditional dependence on paper and pencil is gradually replaced with the digital approach, which uses digital technologies during the ideation stage. This study explores how digital technology influences the graphic design ideation process and outcomes. This study adopts qualitative methodology as it ontologically assumes a subjective stance and is epistemologically constructive in nature. The methods of data collection adopted are interviews and observation. The twenty-eight (28) participants of the study were made of twenty-four graphic design students and four lecturers from two universities in Ghana. It was discovered that participants used digital devices, design software, and the internet during design ideation. The study also revealed that digital technology aids designers in generating a variety of quality ideas which helps in achieving novelty in design. Vector software is crucial for digital concept illustration, but less than half of the participants use it. It was recommended that students should be exposed to vector software for design ideation as constant use of this software will help them develop the fluency required to create digital design ideation with ease.

Investigation of the usability of three-dimensional printers in glass product design

Serap Bedel Özek — 2024-06-01

Glass, is a very difficult and costly material to shape. Especially glass shaped by hand using traditional methods can be challenging in the creation of some forms, which can limit the glass shaper in terms of design and application. However, it is obvious that three-dimensional glass printers, which have been researched and tested recently, will offer an alternative shaping method for those working in the field of glass in the future. As a result, there is a need for this research in order to analyze the stage of research and studies in the field of glass and to give direction to the development. This research aims to assess the usability of 3D printers in glass product design, considering evolving application methods. Data on 3D printers and their diversity were collected through observation, document analysis, academic sources, and studies. The technology’s pros and cons were examined through product production processes and results of private companies experimenting with it. Findings show that while glass objects produced with 3D printers are still in prototype stages, they offer potential for easier production of complex forms compared to traditional methods, promising advancements in glass design.