Otizmli çocuklara eşleme becerilerinin öğretiminde somut kullanıcı arayüzü tasarım kriterlerinin belirlemesi
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Otizmli Çocuk- Ürün Tasarımı- Somut Kullanıcı Arayüzü- Tablet Bilgisayar- Eşleme BecerileriÖzet
Otizmli çocuklarda görülen temel eksikliklerden biri sembolik düşünme eksikliğidir. Sembolik ve soyut kavramları anlamadaki zorlukların üstesinden gelmede; nesneler arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları idrak etme, parçaların oluşturduğu bütünü kavrama, eksik parçanın bir örüntü içindeki yerini tamamlama becerisi, kazandırılması gereken ilk beceriler arasındadır. Günümüzde tablet bilgisayarlar eğitim ve öğretimde önemli erişilebilir teknoloji araçları arasındadır. Çalışmanın amacı, özel bir kullanıcı grubu olan otizmli çocuklara kazandırılması gereken temel becerilerinden biri olan eşleme becerisinin öğretiminde somut arayüzlerin (TUI), bu becerinin pratiğine yönelik destekleyici niteliklerini tartışmak ve tasarım kriterlerini belirlemektir. Otizmli çocukların çeşitli öğretim aktivitelerinde tablet bilgisayar kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması çalışmaları, yapılan araştırmalar içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yöntem olarak, aynı konuda yapılmış çalışmaların sonuçlarının özetlenerek sentezlenmesi amacıyla geliştirilen araştırma yöntemi olan derleme yöntemi kullanmış, konu ile ilgili alanyazın taraması yapılmış, benzer çalışmalar neticesinde bulunan veriler derlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, somut arayüze sahip cihazlar ve bileşenlerinin otizmli çocukların okul öncesi dönemde kazanması gereken temel becerilerden biri olan eşleme becerileri öğretiminde kullanımının, kullanıcı deneyimi açısından destekleyici nitelikleri üzerine bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Öncelikle teknolojik araçların kullanımının otizmli çocukların çeşitli becerilerinin öğretimine katkıları alanyazın üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında, somut arayüze sahip cihazlardan erişilebilir teknoloji bağlamında tablet bilgisayarların ve eşlik eden somut bileşenlerin, otizmli çocuklara eşleme becerileri öğretiminde katkı sağlayacak nitelikleri irdelenmiş ve bu ürünlerin tasarım kriterleri ortaya konmuştur.
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